ENT is a surgical subspeciality dealing with the surgical and medical management of diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and the activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery includes surgical management of tumors and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck, as well as plastic surgery of the face and neck.

Maxillofacial surgery is a surgical specialty focusing on reconstructive surgery of the face, facial trauma surgery, the oral cavity, head and neck, mouth, and jaws, as well as facial cosmetic surgery/facial plastic surgery including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery.